The amount of chemical precursors that could be utilized to create homemade explosives (HMEs) is enormous. To determine which chemicals to use, the committee made an extensive list of chemicals that are precursors to HMEs; then, it compiled a brief list of chemical compounds of particular importance, and finally, they applied a list of guidelines for the substances in the shortlist using the criteria it classified the chemicals into three distinct categories: A, B as well as C. The group Precursor chemicals are believed to present the most significant danger concerning the possibility of their use in developing improvised explosive devices (IEDs); however, changes in the bomb-making techniques can elevate the threat of the Group C and B chemicals with no prior warning.
Pipe bomb
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From Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia
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An uncontrolled pipe bomb with a tripwire trigger that is used for training US military personnel.
Pipe bombs are unimprovised explosive devices (IEDs) that use a highly sealed pipe stuffed with a flammable substance. The protection provided through the tube allows primary low explosives to cause a massive explosion due to the containment, which causes an increase in pressure. The fracturing of the pipe is what causes potentially fatal shrapnel.
Detonation that is prematurely triggered can be a danger in the process of making a homemade bomb. Materials and techniques employed in pipe bombs typically cause accidental detonation, often resulting in severe injury or death to the builder.
In many countries, production and possession can be criminal in the extreme, regardless of the intended application.
Design
Various pipe bombs’ looks are based on a report released by the US Department of State.
The bomb usually comprises a small section of water pipe containing the explosive mix and is sealed on both sides with brass or steel caps. The fuse is placed inside the tube, with a lead released through a gap at the side or part of the pipe. It can be a battery or electric or electrical with wires connecting to a battery and a timer or battery, or it could be a standard fuse. Each of these components is accessible.
In general, explosives with high levels of toxicity, like TNT, are only utilized if these explosives and the detonators that require them are challenging for users outside of the state to acquire. These explosives do not need the design to contain the pipe bomb.
However, more explosive substances builders can quickly obtain employed, like gunpowder, match heads, or other chlorate mixtures. They are easily inflamed through friction, static electricity and sparks produced when stuffing the materials into the tube or affixing the caps to the ends, which can cause several deaths or injuries among builders. [1]
Nails, sharp objects or broken glass can be placed on the outside or the inside of the bomb to cause injuries, damages, or the possibility of death.
Operation
Pipe bombs increase pressure and then release it abruptly due to breaking the casing’s outer layer. The use of plastic materials is possible in some cases. However, metals generally possess a higher force of bursting and thus generate more power concussively. As an example, the everyday Schedule 40 1″ (25 millimetres) iron pipe comes with the typical work pressure of 10.010 PSI (7.0 MPa) as well as a bursting pressure of 890 PSI (55.8 MPa),[2however sealing the pipe could significantly lower the pressure at which it bursts.
The pipe may break at different times based on the rising pressure and the flexibility and strength of the casing material.
If the rise in pressure is slow, the steel may deform to the point that the walls are thin, and then a hole forms and a loud noise out of the gas and not shrapnel.
The rapid increase in pressure can cause the material to fracture into small pieces that are then pushed forward everywhere by gas expansion.
National Program Goals
Restrict access of terrorists to the bomb-making material (BMM) as well as explosive precursor chemical (EPC) that are used in the production of homemade explosives (HME) and other destructive equipment.
Be alert to the selling of HME precursor chemicals as well as BMM to individuals who are suspects.
Avoid theft or diversion from HME precursor chemicals as well as BMM by harmful actors.
Establish a system of alert and knowledgeable partners that serve as a counter-IED for the United States (eyes-and-ears) to be the primary security line in providing early warning of terrorist acts and other criminal activities.
Program Pillars
Operation Flashpoint
Corporate Outreach
Local, State, Federal engagement, Tribal and Territorial
Global Outreach, Collaboration and Collaborative
Program Benefits
- Enhances mitigation and prevention opportunities
- It also increases BMM community awareness
- Improves understanding of the private sector’s point-of-sale
- Enhances the first responders as well as emergency services BMM awareness
- Improves the detection of suspicious activities as well as purchasing habits
- Enhances recognition and reports to the appropriate authorities
- Encourages outreach to communities
- Free, secure access to videos, training as well as awareness material
- Reporting mechanisms are provided to monitor and evaluate the success
- The context is essential.
One word I would like you to pay attention to when you are preparing yourself for explosives-making substances can be described as “context.” Potassium Nitrate and Ammonium Nitrate are merely fertilizers, aren’t they? In a barn, yes. However, when you think of an ammunition bottle inside a suspect’s vehicle, you must immediately think of “oxidizers.” Two essential elements for an explosive combination are a fuel source and an oxidizer. First, ask yourself, “Why do these items exist?” and agree with your thoughts when you state, “This doesn’t make sense.” It’s not the right time to shake your shoulders and go back at a later time. You should call an expert with experience and training to get guidance.
In June 2020, the federal and state police in Pennsylvania issued a warrant for the search. In the Cambria County residence, they found various items, including cardboard tubing, fuse wire, aluminium powder Ammonium Nitrate, and acetone. Investigators also confiscated 12 firearms illegally held as well as suspected drug possession.
Overview
Affirmation of the program’s bomb-making materials
which is run by Cybersecurity and the Infrastructure Security Agency’s (CISA) Office for Bombing Prevention (OBP). BMAP concentrates on blocking the access of terrorists to explosive chemical precursors, such as explosive powders, explosive target materials, and their elements, as well as ways of delivery. It is the most efficient program when it is in the planning phase. Furthermore, BMAP conducts outreach, education and training for government and private sector actors and raises awareness about these everyday objects which criminals, terrorists as well as others could use in the making of a bomb or other explosive combination or devices.
Program Benefits
The picture displays are commonly purchased materials for making bombs.
- Increases mitigation, prevention and opportunities for risk management
- It also increases Bomb-Making Materials (BMM) awareness in communities
- Enhances public/private partnerships
- Improves understanding of the private sector’s point-of-sale
- Enhances emergency assistance BMM sensibility
- Improves the detection of suspicious activities as well as purchasing habits
- Enhances recognition and reports to the appropriate authorities
- Encourages outreach to communities
- Free, secure access to videos, training and other awareness-related materials
- Reporting mechanisms are provided to monitor and evaluate the success.